Design Scheme of Precision Ball Screw

Precision ball screw is an important part of the mechanical transmission system, with high precision, high efficiency, low noise and other advantages, widely used in CNC machine tools, industrial robots, automation equipment and other fields. This paper will introduce the design of precision ball screw to improve the accuracy and efficiency of mechanical transmission.

The basic principle of 1. ball screw
The ball screw is composed of a screw, a nut and a ball. Its basic principle is to convert rotary motion into linear motion. A spiral groove is processed on the screw, and a ball channel matched with the spiral groove is arranged in the nut. When the screw rotates, the ball rolls between the ball channel and the spiral groove, pushing the nut to move along the axial direction of the screw to realize the conversion from rotary motion to linear motion.
 
Design Scheme of 2. Precision Ball Screw
1. Screw material selection: precision ball screw material should have high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance and other advantages. Usually use high carbon chromium steel, high speed steel, stainless steel and other materials. In terms of heat treatment, quenching, carburizing and quenching can be used to improve the hardness and strength of the material.
Precision machining: The machining accuracy of the precision ball screw directly affects its transmission accuracy. In the process of processing, high-precision CNC machine tools, grinding machines and other equipment, as well as precision measuring instruments for testing. At the same time, attention should be paid to controlling environmental factors such as temperature and humidity during processing to ensure processing accuracy.
3. Ball circulation way design: ball screw ball circulation way has two kinds of internal circulation and external circulation. The inner circulation mode refers to the ball circulating in the nut, which is suitable for high-speed and high-precision occasions; the outer circulation mode refers to the ball circulating in the nut, which is suitable for low-speed and heavy-duty occasions. According to the actual application requirements, the appropriate ball circulation method can be selected.
4. Lead and diameter ratio design: precision ball screw lead and diameter ratio directly affect its transmission efficiency and accuracy. Lead refers to the axial distance between two adjacent teeth on the thread, and the diameter ratio refers to the ratio of the diameter of the screw to the diameter of the inner hole of the nut. In the design process, the lead and diameter ratio should be reasonably selected according to the actual application requirements to improve the transmission efficiency and accuracy.
5. Fit clearance design: The fit clearance of the precision ball screw directly affects its transmission accuracy. In the design process, the fit clearance between the screw and the nut, the nut and the support seat should be reasonably designed according to the actual application requirements. At the same time, the method of pre-tightening force can be used to eliminate the gap and improve the transmission accuracy.
6. Dustproof and waterproof design: The precision ball screw is easily affected by external environmental factors such as dust and moisture during use. In the design process, dustproof and waterproof structure should be used, such as sealing ring, dust cover, etc., to protect the ball screw from damage.
 

In short, the design of precision ball screw includes material selection, precision machining, ball circulation design, lead and diameter ratio design, with the gap design, dustproof and waterproof design. Through these design schemes, the transmission accuracy and efficiency of the precision ball screw can be improved, and a reliable guarantee for the mechanical transmission system can be provided.

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